Calculating machine



Aug. 24, 1943. c. M. F. FRIDEN 'ETAL CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Oct. 27, 19 56 12 Sheets-Sheet 2 YIIIIII/IIIIII/III,IIIIII/IIII/IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII/IIII/I IIIII L INVENIORS 6 CZS'r/ M f Fr/de'n James hf Gem/779 ATTORNEY 8- I c. M. F. FRIDEN ETAL 2,327,704

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed 001;. 27, 1936 12 Sheets-Shes; 5

L v I FIIE E- v INVENTORS Car/ M ffr/oen BY James fiemme A TTORNEY A g. 2 1943. c. M. F. FRIDEN EI'AL CALCULATING MACHINE Filed 001:. 27. 1936 12 Sheets-Sheet 4 w wwm WIJ w fl v WM 6 7/. 44. ATTORNEY I Aug. 24, 1943, c, M. F.1FRIDEN ET AL 2,327,704 I CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Oct. 27, 1936 12 Sheets-Sheet 5 I I N VEN TORS Car/ M f. Fr/aer/ James Gem/775 ATTORNEY Aug. 24, 1943. c. M. F. FRIDEN ET AL CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Oct. 2'7, 1956 12 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENT RS M Fr/den Car/ James hf femmeV/ 7% 66 6;

ATTORNEY Aug. 24, 1943. Q FRIDEN ETAL 2,327,704

CALCULATING MACHINE C ar/ M. f Fr/ben A TTORNEY 1943- c. M. F. FRIDEN ETAL CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Oct. 27, 1936 12 Sheets-Sheet 8 W A, wmwm wn Q m/Zm mflmwm l2 Sheets-Sheet 9 Aug. 24, 1943. c. M. F. FRIDEN ET AL CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Oct. 27. 1936 im y. fimmfiw M M Q O /Q: e MNQ W W? 9 B 0 Q 0 v E 3 IMIWHFHH Aug. 24, 1943-.

c. M. F. FRlDEN ET AL CALCULATING MACHINE Filed 001;. 2'7, 1956 12 Sheets-Sheet 10 Aug. 24, 19 c. M. F. FRIDEN ET AL CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Oct. 27, 1936 12 Sheets-Sheet ll INVENTORS Car/ M f? F/v'den 'Jame f7. fiemmefl 094%, Z! flm ATTORNEY g 1943. c. M. F. FRIDEN ET AL CALCULATING MACHINE l2 Sheets-Sheet 12 Filed Oct. 27, 1936 INVENTORS Car/ M. f? Fr/den Jame! H 'emmefl 'ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 24, 1943 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

CALCULATING MACHINE Carl M. F. Friden and James H. Gemmell, Oakland, CaliL, assignors to Friden Calculating Machine (30., Inc., a corporation of California Application October 27, 1936, Serial No. 107,806

' 9Claiins. (o1. ass-s3) The present invention relates to calculating machines adapted to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, such as disclosed in my co-pending application, Serial No. 724,482,

filed May 8, 1934, and more particularly to an improved multiplier and tabulating mechanism therefor.

It is a general object of the invention to provide an improved multiplier mechanism for calculating machines.

Another general object of the invention is to provide an improved tabulating mechanism for predetermining a selected number of carriage shifting operations.

A further object of the invention is to provide calculator control mechanism for predetermining the number of cycles of operation of the calculating machine selectively for a carriage shifting operation or for a digitationoperation.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved calculator mechanism of the character referred to which is especially adapted for use in. a Thomas type calculating machine.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved multiplier mechanism which is constructed for assembly as a unit on the calculatingmachine.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved calculator mechanism of the character referred'to which is of simple construction and reliable operation.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved calculating machine which performs multiplication and carriage shifting incident thereto by continuous and uninterrupted cyclic operation of the actuating means.

, Another object of the invention is to provide a calculating machine having improved means for setting the machine for a predetermined number of cycles of operation. I

Another object. of the invention is to provide a calculating machine having improved means for ending a multiplication operation and normalizing the various parts of the multiplier mechanism.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved calculating machine having the multiplier and tabulating mechanism and the parts associated therewith constructed to promote economy in manufacture and assembly. Other objects of the invention will appear as thedescription progresses with reference to a preferredsembodiment of the invention as illustrated in tlfeacpompanying drawings.

In the drawings;

Figure 1 is a plan view on a reduced scale of a calculating machine embodying my invention.

Figure 2 is afull size longitudinal vertical section taken in a plane indicated by the line 2-2 in Fig. 1, the front part of the machinebeing omitted.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary plan view of the machine with various parts, including the carriage, key sections, and drive and control mechanisms omitted.

Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of the right side frame member and various parts mounted thereon with certain of the parts shown in section. The view is taken as indicated by the lines 4-4 of Figs. 1, 3 and 6.

Figure 4A is a fragmentary sectional elevation of the right side frame member and a portion of the shift control mechanism as indicated by the line lA-IA in Fig. 3. Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of the left side (as viewed from the front of the machine), of the control plate and various control members mounted thereon with certain shafts and the like shown in section. The view is indicated by the lines 5-5 in Figs. 1, 3 and 6.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary rear sectional elevation of the machine with the cover removed and certain parts omitted, the view being indicated by the line 6-5 in Fig. 2. i

Fig. 6A is a perspective view of the full cycle mechanism for controlling the engagement of the carriage shift drive mechanism.

Figure '7 is a right side elevational view of the multiplier and tabulating unit, as indicated by the lines 1-! in Figs. 1 and 6.

Figure 8 is a sectional elevation of the multiplier and tabulating unit with certain parts of the unit omitted and broken away to clarify the disclosure. The view is indicated by the line 8-8 in Figs. 3 and 6;

Figures 9 and 10 together illustrate a sectional elevation of certain parts of the multiplier unit as viewed from the left, the view being taken as indicated by the line 8.9 in Fig. 6.

Figure 9A (sheet 5) is a view similar to Figs. 9 and 10 illustrating certain parts of the multiplier and tabulating mechanism which are omitted in Figs. 9 and 10 to avoid obscuring other parts therein.

Figure 11 is a fragmentary view of a part of the mechanism shown in Figure 9, but illustrated in a different operative position.

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. A

8, but showing the parts as positioned after depression ofthe number one multiplier key, while I in dotted lines the parts are shown as positioned with the number six key depressed. In each instance the parts are shown in the position occupied before the first cycle of movement of the machine resulting from depression of the multiplier key.

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig 12, but showing the parts as positioned after one cycle of actuation of the multiplier rack 236 away from the position it occupies after depres- 'sion of the number six key.

Fig. 14 is a view similar to Figs. 12 and 13 and shows the parts as positioned in the next to the last cycle of any multiplying operation when the multiplier pawl 286 is in active position.

Fig. 15 is an operational view of the shift-control mechanism showing the condition of the parts at the beginning of the shift cycle.

' nism described hereinafter, or manually by manipulation of carriage release lever 2|.

Values to be registered in the accumulator are entered into the machine-by depression of numeral keys 22 in the various ordinal rows therepresent invention, it being understood that the mechanism which is not described fully may be of conventional construction.

Selecting and actuating mechanisms Within body or casing l5, the frame includes left and right side plates 35, 36 (Fig. 3) which are suitably mounted on base 31 (Fig. 2) and are interconnected by various cross frame members including members 38, 39 and 40 for supporting various mechanisms including the selecting and actuating mechanisms described hereinafter.

The values to be introduced into accumulator numeral wheels H are selected by means of a plurality of similar orders of selecting mechanism associated with numeral keys 22, one of such orders being partially illustrated in Fig. 2. Such mechanism will be described briefly, and for a complete description thereof reference is made to my said co-pending application No. 724,482

- and to my application Serial No. 35,619, filed of, keys 22 being releasable individually by depression of ordinal clear keys 23 or collectively by depression of clear key 24. Values introduced into the machine are registered additively or subtractively on accumulator numeral wheels llby depression of plus key 25 or minus key 26, while the number of registrations or its complementcan be entered in counter numeral wheels l8 by proper setting of control lever 2'8.

Values registered in numeral wheels I! and i8 can be erased, i. e. the register can be zeroized, by manipulation of respective manually operable resetting handles 28, 29, or by power through destarting control" lever 32', and division stop lever 33 by means of which a division operationcan be terminated at the end of any selected ordinal division. Automatic multiplication can also be performed'by depression of selected multiplier keys 34 and the operation of mechanism associated therewith, the same mechanism being adapted to control tabulating of the carriage in either direction by simultaneous depression of pression of return and'clear key 30. Depression August 10, 1935. Each bank or order of keys 22 cooperates with a pair of similar parallel'springurged value selecting slides 4i mounted for endwise movement by a suitable linkage. Each slide (ii is provided with cam surfaces of varying inclination for cooperation with suitable pins on certain of keys 22 to effect a differential movement of slide M on depression of a key 22. Each bank of keys 22has a latching slide 22A of conventional construction associated therewith to latch any depressed key 22 releasably in depressed position. 'Each slide 4| is connected at its rear end with a ten-toothed gear 42 slidably and non-rotatably mounted on square shaft 43. Movement of a slide 41 serves to position gear 32 on shaft 43 with respect to the stepped teeth of the associated actuating cylinder 44 in accordance with the value of the depressed numeral key 22. A pair of actuating cylinders 44 (Figs. 2 and 3) for adjacent orders of the machine are mounted on each actuating shaft 46,- which is suitably journalled in cross members 39 and 40 and has a bevel gear connection with transverse clutch driven shaft 41. Shaft 41 is operable cyclically in a single direction from clutch controlled driving means as described hereinafter.

As seen in Fig. 3, the pair of square shafts 43 4 associated with each actuating shaft 46 are positioned above and to either side thereof, whilesets of gears 42 on respective square shafts 43 are offset longitudinally for cooperation with the associated axially offset actuating cylinders 44. By the above arrangement and upon each rotation of the actuating means, variable increments of movement can be imparted to each square shaft 43 by the associated actuating cylinder 44 in acone of shift ireys l9 or 20, and one of multiplier keys 34. This mechanism and the associated control means form the principal subject matter of the instant invention, and are described'later in detail.

With the above generalorganization of parts in mind, various of the above noted mechanisms will be described in detail insofar as deemed necessary or desirable to an understanding of the cordance with the adjusted position of gears 42. Each square shaft 43 is suitably journalled in cross members 38, 39 and 40, and between members 38 and-39 has associated therewith selec tively settable plus-minus gears for driving an aligned numeral wheel H. The plus-minus gears of each order of the machine include a. spool 5| (Figs. 2 and 3) slidably and non-rotatably mounted on shaft 43 and having opposed bevel gears 52, 53 arranged for selective engagement withsimilar gear on numeral wheel.

shaft 56. The engagement of gears 52 and 53 with gear 54 is controlled by strap 51 which extends transversely of the machine between each set of plus-minus gears 52, 53 and is mounted for rocking movement with shaft 58, which is suitably journalled in side plates 35, 36. Shaft 58 is controlled in a manner hereinafter deistration by meshing gears 53 frame member 36(Fig. 3,).

meshing gears 52 with gears 54, and negative regwith gears 54. In the neutral position shown in Fig. 2 in which gears 52 and 50 are held norm'allyby suitable spring urged centralizing means, carriage shifting can be effected.

During both additive and subtractive registration of values in numeral wheels Il, suit-' able transfer mechanism is operative to effect the tens transfer .as (ilSCIOSCdFfOI example, inv

said applications.

Drive and drive control As stated above, the actuating means is operable cyclically to effect registration in the accumulator of the values set into the machine by depression of the numeral keys. For this spring-urged clutch pawl 69 having a tooth for engagement with the teethof ratchet 61 to estabish the drive connection. Pawl 59v is urged to operative position but is restrained in the neutral or full cycle position of the parts by clutch control lever 1 plate 36. Lever II carries roller I3, which-seats in depression "I4 on clutch element 56 in the full cycle position thereof, and in other posi tions thereof maintains lever II in its clutch engaging position for a purpose later referred to.

It is seen, therefore, that one or more cycles of operation of the actuating mechanism can be determined by oscillation of clutch control lever I I. Simultaneously with movement of control lever 'II', the circuit for-motor BI is established as described hereinafter.

Plus and minus keys Means are provided for selectively determining positive or negative registration on the numeral wheels in the form of plus key 25 (Fig. 5) and minus key 25 which are slidably mounted forendwise movement on control plate 16, which ismounted in spaced relation from side Depression of either of keys 25, 26 serves to engage the clutch, close the motor circuit, and select the sign character of the registration.

To enable" the drive, keys 25 and 26 (Fig. 5) have respective pins 19in operative relation with suitable cam surfaces on clutch control slide I- which is suitably mounted for endwise movement on plate I8. To effect control of the clutch by such movement, pin 82 (Figs. 4 and on the upper arm of clutch control lever II abuts the rear end of slide 8|, so that rearward movement 1 of slide 8| oscillates lever'TI in' a clockwisedimotion as viewed in Fig. 4 to release clutch dog 69 for engagement with drive ratchet 61.

To close the motor circuit, pin 82 (Fig. 4) is connected by link 03 with lever 84 pivoted at 66 on side plate 36 and connected at its Driven clutch element 68 is se-' I pivoted at I2 on side lower end with lever 61 also pivoted on plate 36. Lever 8'! has a suitable insulated pin in overlapping relation with spring mounted contact 88 normally spaced from similar contact 50. Thus, clockwise movement II serves through link 63 and lever 04 to oscillate' lever 81 in a counterclockwise direction,

whereby contact I6 is engaged with contact 50'- to establish the circuit for the motor. It will be noted that roller I3 in maintaining control lever-II in clutch engaging position when the actuating means is out of full cycle position also serves to maintain contacts 86 and 00 closed so that the motor circuit can be interrupted only in the full cycle position of the parts.

To determine the sign character of the registration, plus and minus keys and 25 (Fig. 5) have respective rollers SI, disposed in operative relation with opposed cam surfaces 02 on plusminus slide. 93. Slide 93 is mounted for endwise movement at its front end by link 04 and at its rear end by arm 96 on shaft 50. As described above, shaft 58 (Figs. 2, 3 and 6) carries transversely extending strap 51 which controls the engagement or'disengagement of gears 52 or 53 with numeral wheel gears 54. Thus, depression of plus key 25 moves slide 93 rearwardly of the machine and rocks shaft 55 and strap 5! to effect meshing of gears 52, 54, determining positive registration on numeral wheels I! of the value set in the keyboard. Similarly, depression of minus key 26 determines one or more negative registrations of such values by meshing gears 53, 54.

Carriage shift mechanism Means are provided for shifting the carriage in either direction from one ordinal-position to another by power driven means controlled by manually operable keys. The power driven means preferably includes a part of the actuating means for entering values into the accumulator register. Carriage I5 (Figs. 2 and 6) includes frame IOI having shift plate I02 extending along the rear side thereof with its ends pivotally supported by similar brackets I03, only one of which is shown. Plate I02 is provided with vertical between teeth I06, each end slot I04A being formed in part by yieldable pawl I01, only one of which is shown, and which are connected by spring I08. slots I04 are adapted for engagement by opposite shift pins III on shift gear H2 suitably journalled on cross frame member 36. Shift gear II2 can be rotated selectively in 7 either direction thru idler gear 'I I3 to shift the carriage thru any desired number of ordinal spaces by the cooperation of pins III and teeth I06, each one half rotation of gear II2 eilfecting one ordinalspacing of the carriage. Shift gear II2 iscentralized by means of cam H4 and centralizing arms II5 having spring Ill connected therebetween.

In order to rotate shift gear II2 selectively in either direction the two right hand actuating.

of clutch control lever slots I04 (Fig. 6) formed I23 is suitably journalled in cross member 38 and plate I24 and carries gear I26 meshing with wide idler gear I21 which also meshes with idler ear II3. Similar gear sleeve I28 (Fig. 3) has gear I29 which meshes with idler gear H3, and has a similar controllable drive connection with an actuating shaft 46.

Thus, by selective shifting of collars I2I to establish a drive connection, rotation of actuating shafts 46 determines rotation of shift gear H2 in either direction to effect shifting of carriage I6 in either direction.

Similar mechanisms are provided to control shifting of collars I2I. Each mechanism includes a fork I3I (Figs. 3 and 6) at the rear end of rod I32 and engaging a suitable annular groove in the associated collar I2I. Rod I32 (Figs. 2 and 3) is slidably mounted in cross members 363 and 46 and is spring-urged to the position shown by spring I33. Rods I32 (Figs. 2, 3 and 4A) have associated therewith respective arms I34 depending f om shaft I35 and sleeve I35A journalled thereon, which are oscillated to shift rods I32 by depression of respective shift keys I9 and 20 (Figs. 1 and 4). Keys I9 and 26 carry respective pins I36 (Fig. 4A) overlying the offset upper ends of respective arms I31, I38 carried by shaft I35 and sleeve I35A, respectively. The opposite ends of pins I36 also overlie suitable cam surfaces of cam plate I39 (Fig. 4) secured on lever 86, so that depression of a shift key rocks lever 66, clutch control lever II, and circuit control lever 81 to thereby engage the clutch and close the motor circuit as described in connection with plus and minus keys 25, 26.

Means are provided for maintaining each shift drive connection engaged for a full cycle of the actuating means, and, as each such means is of identical construction, only one will be described. Each shiftable collar I2I (Figs. 2, 6 and 6A) carries a disc I4I which has cut-away portion I42 in its periphery so positioned that in the fullcycle position of the parts. cut-away portion I42 is registered with full-cycle pawl I 43 laterally, but not vertically. Pawl I43 is mounted for vertical sliding movement in bracket I44 secured on cross frame member 33 and is urged to the upper positionthereof illustrated, by spring I46 seated in bracket I44. As seen in Fig. 2, disc I is positioned to the left of pawl I43, and will, upon shifting of collar I2I to'engage teeth I22 with collar I23, be moved to the right of pawl I43. Subsequent' rotation of the actuating means moves the unbroken periphery of disc I into registry with pawl I43 so that collar I2I is held in active position for a full rotation of disc MI and the drive connection is maintained for a full cycle of operation of the actuating means. Also, if collar I2I is not shifted to operative position at the beginning of a cycle ofactuation, such movement is prevented until the end of the cycle.

Thus, carriage I6 carrying numeral wheels I1, I3 can be shifted selectively in either direction through one or more ordinal positions by depression of keys I3 and 20 to control the cyclic operation of the actuating means.

Revlutimzs cmmter tional manner by the operation of counter actuator I41 as disclosed, for example, in said application Serial No. 124,482.

Division mechanism The division mechanism is only disclosed in part herein as a complete description thereof is not believed necessary to an understanding of this invention. Such mechanism includes divithe revolutions counter.

Multiplier and tabulating mechanism The multiplier and tabulating mechanism is built as a unit for mounting in operative relation with the various associated mechanisms, and for convenience will be described first in connection with its operation as a multiplier unit. The mechanism includes a series of multiplier keys 34 corresponding to multiplier digit values of from one to nine and each of which effects on depression thereof a number of registrations of the multiplicand corresponding to the value of the depressed key. At the conclusion of any such registration, the carriage is shifted one step to the right, so that the key corresponding to the next higher order multiplier digit can be depressed, until theentire product is registered.

Depression of a multiplier key 34 serves to set the multiplier selection mechanism, to release the multiplier rack to receive such selection, to enable the multiplier rack actuator, and to set various interlocks, all as described hereinafter.

As seen in Figs. 3 and 6, multiplier frame plate I56 is secured on side frame member 36 and in spaced relation therefrom by spacers I51 and bolts I58, the various parts of the unit being mounted on plate I56. Multiplier keys 34 are similar and similarly mounted, the entire key section being assembled as a unit on the multiplier plate. Each key 34 (Fig. '1)' has a longitudinal slot I6I which is engaged by spaced studs I62 secured between U-shaped side plates I63, I64, which are notched at the meeting edges thereof to receive keys 34. Plates I63, I64 are secured together by studs I62 and by similar end plates I66 (Figs. '1, 9 and 10,) only one of which is seen in Fig. '1. Each plate I66 extends through multiplier plate I56 and has offset flange I61 secured, thereto 'by screws I68. Keys 84 are yieldably held in their upper inactive positions by sinuous coil spring I1I extending over top studs I62 and under pins I12 on keys 34.

Latch means are provided for holding a multiplier'key in depressed position, and for this purpose each key 34 (Fig. 7) has latching notch I13 above a suitable cam surface thereon which is cperatively .engaged with latching slide I14, which is slotted to receive keys 34. Slide I14 (Figs. '1 and 10) is mounted for endwise sliding movement between'key section side plates I63, I64 and is spring-urged toward the front of the machine, so that, upon depression of a key 34, slide I14 will engage innotch I13 to maintain such key depressed. As described later, a depressed key 34 is released automatically at the end of the multiplying operation. Multiplier clear key I16 (Fig. 1). of conventional .con-

struction may also be depressed to move slide I14 to release any erroneously depressed key 34. As stated above. depression of a key 34 serves to set the multiplier selection mechanism, which is preferably in the form of a series of stops for cooperation with the multiplier rack which is released for engagement with a set stop by the depression of a key 34. Each key 34 (Fig. 7) carries pin I8I at its lower end for cooperation with the associated selecting arm I82, which has its lower end pivoted at I83 on strap I84 which is secured on multiplier plate I56 as by screws I86. Each arm I82 is pivotally connected intermediate connected to the upper end thereof and to stud its ends to one of selecting stop links I9I which extend rearwardly of the machine between multiplier plate I56 and retaining strap I92 suitably secured in spaced relation thereon. Springs I93 are tensioned between strap I92 and links I9I and serve to urge links I9I to the inoperative positions thereof illustrated in Fig, 7, with arms I82 engaging pins I8I on themu1tiplier keys.

Adjacent their rear ends each link I9I carries a flanged stud I94 which engages in a corresponding guide slot I96 formed in the arcuate forward edge of guide'plate I91, which is secured in spaced relation from multiplier plate I56 as by spacers I98 (Figs. 3, 6 and 7) and bolts I99. Asseen in Fig. 7-,. guide slots I96 are equally spaced apart vertically and are of equal depth from the arcuate edge of guide plate I91 sothat guide slots I96 and'iiangedstuds I94 serve to position the active ends of the selecting stop links vertically as well as laterally of the machine. As seen-in Fig. 8, each link I9I has beveled stop end MI, and ends 20I- are positioned in an are for cooperation, when projected to active position, with the multiplier rack as described hereinafter.

From the above description, it is seen that depression of a multiplier key 94 serves to rock the associated selecting arm I82 and move a selecting link I9I rearwardly of the machine to active position. In such position, the stop end 20I of an active link I9I is positioned differentially from the multiplier rack in accordance with the value of the depressed multiplier key which is nor- .mally latched ininactive position and is released by depression of a multiplier key 34 to move into engagement with the set stop 20I. Subsequently, the multiplier rack is returned step by step to and past its inactive position for a purpose later described.

Multiplier rack 206 (Figs. 7 and 8) is pivotally mounted on stub shaft 201 secured between multiplier plate I56 and guide plate I91. Back 206 is formed as an arcuate sector and has ten teeth 208 formed on the periphery thereof, adjacent unbroken arcuate portion 209 which terminates' in beveled stop engaging face 2 I I. Rack 206 is urged in a clockwise direction byspring 2I2 secured thereto at one end and extending around hub 2I3 thereof to stud 2I4 on multi-' plier plate I56, and is held in its inoperative position shown in Figs. 7 and 8 by latch pawl 2I6 which has the flat end thereof engaged with face 2 of the rack. v

Latch pawl 2 I6 is pivoted at 2 I1 on guide plate I91 and is oscillated upon depression of a multiplier key 34 to releaserack 206 and permit movement thereof by spring 2I2 into engagement with the stop 20I which is set by the depressed key 34. For this purpose, latch pawl 2I6 (Fig. '7) has a rounded end thereof embraced by the forked end of release lever 22] pivoted at 222 on guide plate I91. Offset end 223 of lever 22I is urged upwardly by spring 224 and underlies shoulder 2-28 (Figs. 7 and 8) formed on link 233 on plate I56. Movement of the release slide downwardly from its inactive position serves through link 221, lever HI and pawl 2I6 to release the multiplier rack, and to effect such movement, slide 229 is provided with a plurality of similar vertically spaced cam surfaces 236 for cooperation with pins 231 on links I8I.

From the above description it is seen that depression of a key 34, through the associated link I9I and pin 231 thereon serves to move slide 229 and link 221 downwardly, thereby rocking lever HI and pawl 2I6 to release multiplier rack 208.

This condition is illustrated inFig. 12 where rack 206 is shown in full lines as positioned with the one key depressed, and indotted lines as positioned with the six" keydepressed. After depression of any multiplier key 34, subsequent immediate depression of a key 34 of higher value is ineffective because the rack 206 will engage the lowest value stop 20I which is in active position, while means are provided to prevent such depression of any key 84 of lower value. For this purpose rack 206 carries sector 31I (Figs. 8 and 12) which is aligned with pins 312 on links I9I of a lower value than any set stop link I9I to prevent complete depression of any key 34 of lower value than any such key which has been depressed.

The movement of multiplier rack 206 from its inactive position shown in Fig. 8 servesto release power-operated means for setting the plus-minus gears to plus position, for engaging the clutch, for enabling the shift mechanism, for enabling the multiplier key latch release means, and for .enabling various interlocks. Preferably, such Such element comprises bellcrank 24I (Figs. 7

and 8) pivoted on stud 242 which is secured between multiplier plate I56 and guide plate I91. Bellcrank 24I is urged in a clockwise direction by comparatively strong spring 243 connected thereto and to stud 244 on plate I56, but is restrained by the engagement of horizontal arm 246 thereof with roller stud 241 on rack 206. Upon movement of rack 206, bellcrank 24I moves under the influence of spring 243 from the position shown in Fig. 8 to that shown in Fig. 12.

To set the plus-minus gears by movement of bellcrank 24I, vertical arm. 248 thereof has its upper bent end operatively related with, but slightly spacedfrom stud 249 of arm 25I which is secured on shaft 58. As heretofore described,

the machine for subtraction, and also to permit a slight-movement of arm 248 It is also seen that clockwise movement of bellcrank 24I serves,

through arm 248 thereof and arm 25Ito rock shaft 88 so that plus gears 52 (Fig. 2) are meshed with numeral wheel gears 54'.

To engage the clutch, vertical arm 248 (Fig. 8)

of bellcrank 24I carries pin 256 (MS. 8 and 9) 1 which extends through multiplier plate I56 and engages in the slotted rear end of link 261 (Fig. 9)

having its forward end pivotally connected to the upright arm of bellcrank 258 pivoted at 250 on plate I56 and urged in a clockwise direction by spring 266. At its upper end, arm 258 has slot 26I inwhich pin 262 is adiustably clamped by nut 263. Pin 262 (Fig. engages in aperture 264 of clutch control slide 8|, the aperture being of a .size to permit movement of slide 8| without interference by pin 262, which can be adjusted with respectt slide 81 by virtue of its adjustable mounting on bellcrank 258. As previously described, the clutch is engaged and the motor energized by rearward movement of slide 8 I', consequently, when link 251 is moved rearwardly upon clockwise movement of bellcrank 241, to effect rearward movement of slide ill the clutch is engaged and the motor is energized. It will be noted that such movement of link 251 serves to align notch 261 in link 251 with pin 268 (Figs. 8 and 9) carried by latching lever 269 for the clutch engaging or control means. 'Latching lever 269 is pivoted at 211 on plate I56 and is urged to active position as illustrated in Fig. 12 by spring 212 for. apurpose later described inconnection with the carriage shift at the end of a multiplying operation.

As previously noted, movement of bellcrank 24! serves to enable various interlocks and it will be understood that movement of clutch control slide 8| serves to block depression of theplus and minus keys. To prevent movement of division control lever 32, lower arm 216 of bellcrank 258 is provided .with onset end 211 which is movable into blocking relation with pin 218 (Figs. 5 and 9) on division slide I52 when the multiplier mechanisin is active.

Upon engagement of the clutch, a step by step drive means for the multiplier racli becomes active to return the rack to normal or inactive position and one step beyond during the shift cycle of the actuating means, the next to last step being utilized to determine the shift and restore certain parts to normal, and the last or shift cycle step being usedto complete the normalizing operation. Also, the latch pawl for the multiplier rack is normalized during the'firststep of movement.

The multiplier rack actuating means includes actuating pawl 286. (Fig. 8) pivoted at 281 on ac-' tuating arm 288 and havingofiset tooth 289' urged toward rack teeth 208 by spring 29I tensioned between pawl 286 and arm 268. Pawl 286 is maintained inactive or retracted by inclined tail 292 thereof engaging one of spacers I98.

1 Ann 288 is pivoted at 293 on plate I56 and is apertured intermediate its ends at .294 to engage of movement of rack 206 is completed. Holding pawl 3l6 (Fig. 7) is pivoted at 3I1 on plate I91 and has ofisettooth3l8 extending therethrough into operative relation with teeth 208 of rack 206 under the influence of spring 3I9 connected between the holding pawl and a stud on plate I91.-

The holding pawl is normally disabled by engagement with surface 209 of rack 206. After setting of rack 206, the holding pawl is maintained disabled by arm 32I pivoted at 322 on plate I91 and having shoulder 323 at its lower (and overlying tooth 318 and lateral 'ei'rtension 324 lying rearwardly of tooth 288 of pawl 286. Upon the first oscillation of actuating pawl 289, latch 32I is moved from above holding pawl 3I6 by pawl 289 and holding pawl 3I6 moves to active position as seen in Fig. 13, where the parts are shown after a one step movement of rack 206 from the dotted line position thereof shown in Fig. 12. Upon return of the parts to normal, pawl 3I6 is 7 moved to inoperat' e position by engagement with surface 209 of rac 206 and arm 32I moves back to active position under the influence of its spring as shown in Fig. 7.

As stated above, the first step of movement during multiplication also serves to re-enable latching pawl 2 I 6 for rack 206. For this purpose,

freely over shaft 201. Arm 288 is oscillated at each cycle of operation of the main actuating means by means including link 30I having one end pivotally connected thereto at 302 and having its other end pivotally connected at 303 to cam follower 304. Follower 304 is pivoted at 306 on plate I56 and is urged in a clockwise direction by spring 301 secured thereto and to stud 233 on link 221 (Fig. 8) is pivotally connected to link 33I, which is also pivotally connected to lever 332 pivoted at 333 on plate I56- At its upper end, lever 332 has nose 334 which in the full cycle position of the actuating meansengages a complementary notch in cam disc 336 on cam 3| I. It will be noted that upon rotation of disc336 from full cycle position, lever 332 is oscillated and. through link 33I' rocks link 221 to move shoulder 226 thereof from over offset end 223 of lever 22I. Lever 22I is thenfree, with\ latch pawl.2l6, to

return to normal position under the influence of spring 224, so that pawl 2I6 will engage face 2 of rack 206 when rack 206 is restored to its neutral inactive position at the end of the operation.'

During the next to last cycle of a multiplying operation, i. e. the last value entering cycle, rack 206 engages bellcrank 2 to normalize certain parts of the mechanism and to condition the parts for a carriage shift, by cocking the shift control mechanism, such control mechanism being effective however only at the end of such next to last cycle. During the next to last step 'of movement of. rack 206, roller stud 241 thereonengages and moves bellcrank 2 from the position shown in Fig. 12 to that shown in Fig. 14, where arm 25I and shaft 58 have moved back to neutral position so that plus gears 52 and numeral wheel gears 54 are disengaged. The disemgagement of gears 52 and 54 is not eifected, however, until after the value entering operation is completed. Fig. 14shows the parts during the next to the last cycle of any multiplying operation when pawl 286 is at its extreme active posieach cycle of operation of the actuating means,

cam 3 (Fig; 8) operates through follower 304, link 3M, and actuating arm 288 to oscillate pawl 2 86 and effect a one step advance of rack 206 in a counterclockwise direction. A holding pawl is associated with rack 206 to maintain an advanced position thereof, such pawl being maintained disabled until one cycle tion. Rack 206 is maintained in'such position by pawl 2I6 which becomes active at this time (see Fig. .7). It is to be noted that at this time;bellcrank 24I has'moved to a position which would permit mo ement of link 251 (Fig. 9) and bell-.

crank 258 to clutch disengaging position, such movement being prevented however by the engagement of pin 268 (Fig. 12) of latch lever-260 in notch 261 of link 251 which maintains the,

engagement of the clutch during the shift cycle. To enable the shift, arm 246 of bellcrank 24I carries pin 3 (Figs. 8 and 9) which engages in I notch 342- (Fi'g. 9) at the end of arm 343 pivoted at 344 on plate I56. Live pawl 346 pivoted at 341 on arm 343 and spring urged in a counterclockwise direction by spring 348, has offset ear 349 which in the inactive position of the part overlies nose 35! of lever 352 and above pin 353 on arm 343. Lever 352 is pinned on shaft 354 which is pivotally mounted in plate I56 and side frame member 36 (Fig. 2). Lever 352 (Fig. 9) has its lower end pivotally connected to rod 356 which extends forwardly of the machine and is connected to lever 351 (Fig. 10) pivoted at 358 on plate I56 and having pin 359 positioned in front of latch slide I14 for multiplier keys 34.

Upon depression of a multiplier key, the parts are positioned as shown in Fig. 11, the release of bellcrank 24! and its subsequent clockwise movement (as viewed in Fig. 12) serving through pin 34! to move arm 343 downwardly from the position shown in Fig. 9 to that shown in Fig. 11.

During such downward movement of arm 343, pawl 346 snaps past nose 35! of lever 352 to position ear 349 below nose 35! as shown in Fig. 11. During the next to last step of movement, pin 34! moves arm 343 upwardly from the position shown in Fig. 11 by virtue of the step of movement of bellcrank 24! under control of rack 206 to effect release of the depressed key 34 and also to condition the machine for a one step shift of the carriage. Arm 343 through pin 353 and pawl 346 rocks lever 352, and holds. lever 352 in rocked position until release of the parts during the last cycle as later described. This movement serves through link 356, and lever 351 (Fig. 10) to operate latch slide I14 so that the depressed multiplier key is released. The movement of link 356 and lever 351 also operatesa safety device to prevent premature disengagement of the clutch at the beginning of the shift cycle. To effect this result, a booster linkage is associated with lever 351 (Fig. 9A) comprising short link 331 pivotally mounted on stud 359 at the upper end of lever 351 and having its free offset end adjustably connected by slot and bolt connection 338 with longer link 339 which extends rearwardly and has slot 346 engaging pin 262. At the beginning of a multiplying operation, pin 262 and link 251 are moved to the left from the position shown in Fig. 9A to initiate the drive. When lever 351 is oscillated just at the end of the next to last cycle of operation, the end of slot 348 is moved into engagement with pin 262 to prevent the possibility of'the driveenabling linkage associated therewith returning from active position. It is only necessary that the booster linkage be operative slightly before and during the time the parts are passing through full-cycle position, i. e., while roller 13 (Fig. 4) is passing full-cycle depression 14 of disc 68.

such next to last cycle of movement, the engagement of teeth I22 of collar I2! with the corresponding slots in gear sleeve I23 to establish a shift drive is prevented by the engagement of disc I4! with full-cycle pawl I43. When the parts including disc I4! reach full cycle position at the end of such next to last cycle of the multiplying operation and cut-away portion I42 of disc I4! is aligned with pawl I43, spring 364 operating through shift initiating arm 362 becomes effective to engage collar I2! with gear sleeve I23 and de- As stated above such movement of arm 352 I and shaft 354 also conditions and enables the shift mechanism. For this purpose shaft 354 (Figs. 2 and 6) has shift conditioning arm 36! (Figs. 2 and 6) secured thereon and, has a shift initiating arm 362 pivoted thereon. Arm 36! carries pin 363 which extends thru a slot in arm 362 and is connected by spring 364 with pin 365 on arm 362. Arm 362 has upper hooked end 366 positioned forwardly of shift fork I3! and in operative controlling relation therewith. From the above described arrangement, it is seen that rocking of shaft 354 and arm 36! during the next to last cycle of a multiplying operation, tensions spring 364 and thereby places a bias on shift ini tiating arm 362 whose end 366 is urged against the associated shift fork I3I. However, during termine a carriage shift during the last cycle of a multiplying operation. As described above, one rotation of gear sleeve I23 effects a one-half rotation of shift gear II2 to perform the carriage shifting operation.

As noted above, the shift or last cycle of a multiplying operation is utilized to complete normalizing of the machine by restoring all active parts to neutral or inactive position. For this purpose, rack 206 is operated by pawl 286 during the shift'cycle to move bellcrank 24! and effect such normalizing, rack 206 and bellcrank 24! being moved away from and immediately returned to the position shown in Figs. 7 and 8. Movement of bellcrank 24! in a counterclockwise direction from the position shown in Fig. 8 serves through pin 34! to lift arm 343 (Figs. 9 and 10) a sufficient amount to move pawl 346 above nose 35! 'of lever 352 to permit return of lever 352 to inactive position to relieve the bias.

of spring 364 on the shift control mechanism. At the same time, pawl 346 is re-latched in the position shown in Fig. 9. Thus, the shift control and key release control means including lever 352 and pawl 346 are restored to normal inactive position during the shift cycle.

To effect release of the clutch, upper arm 248 (Fig. 8) of bellcrank 24! carries pin 314, which upon the counterclockwise movement of bellcrank 24! during the shift cycle of the multiplying operation engages the adjacent beveled end of lever 269 effecting clockwise movement thereof to lift pin 268 (Figs. 9 and 12) out of notch 261 of link 251 to permit return of link 251 and bellcrank 258 (Fig. 9) to inactive position under the influence of spring 266. It will be recalled that As stated above, various interlocks are provided to prevent misoperation of the machine during a multiplying operation, the interlocking of the division mechanism having been described in connection with bellcrank 258 having oflset end 211 on lower arm 216 thereof which is movable into blocking relation with pin 218 of the division mechanism. As seen in Fig. 5, movement of clutch control slide 8! to the left at the initiation of a multiplying operation moves such slide beneath pins 19 of plus and minus keys 25 and 26 to prevent depression thereof. Also rocking movement of lever I39 positions the upper end thereof into blocking relation with pins I36 on shift keys I9, 28. Looking of shift key I9 also locks carriage return and clear key 38 which overlies an extension of shift key I9. Thus, the various other operating controls are locked against movement upon operation of any of the multiplier keys 34.

Repeated addition If desired the multiplier mechanism can be controlled to operate in one order without carriage shifting, when, for example, repeated addition of a single item is desired when adding a series of items. This control may be effected by depression of a control key simultaneously with the depression of a multiplier key to disable the shifting function of the last cycle of operation and maintain the plus-minus gears in operative position to determine an additive registration during such last cycle.

Preferably, the plus key is utilized for this control. In this connection itwill be noted that if the plus key is depressed at the same time as one of the multiplier keys, pin 19 of the plus key will move into its corresponding cam slot in slide 8| as the slide 8| moves to operative position (to the left in Fig. under the influence of pin 262 as described in the multiplying operation. -Also, plus key 25 will be maintained in depressed condition by slide 8| until release thereof at the end of the'number of cycles determined by a depressed multiplier key, this number being always one more than the value of the depressed multiplier key because of the extra cycle which is used normally \to effect shifting. As the plus 'key is maintained depressed, plus-minus slide 93 is held in its rearward position by roller stud 9| of the plus key throughout the operation to maintain shaft 58 rocked in a counterclockwise direction plier mechanism, and for this purpose shaft 58 is provided with arm 38I (Figs. 2 and 3) which underlies an end of interlock lever 382 pivoted intermediate its ends on frame plate 383. The

ends of lever 382 register with transverse notches 384 in respective shift control rods.I32. If either of the shift rods are moved rearwardly of the machine to enable a shifting operation, the beveled edge of its notch 384 rocks lever 382 to prevent shifting of the other rod I32. Also, if shaft 58 be oscillated to mesh plus gears 52 with the numeral wheel gears, arm 38I moves lever 382 into locking engagement with notch 3840f the shift rod controlled by spring urged shift initiating arm 362 of the multiplier mechanism to prevent its operative movement. Thus, at the time in a normal 'multiplyingoperation when the shift would be initiated, the movement of arm 362 under the influence of spring 364 is prevented and the extra cycle of operation is utilized for a registration.

Thus, the plus key, when depressed simultaneously with a multiplier key, controls means for disabling the normal shift operation in the last cycle of the actuating means, and supersedes such operation with a registration. It will be noted that for such repeated addition the operator must always depress a multiplier key of one less value than the number of repeated additions desired to compensate for the use of the extra (shift) cycle as a registration cycle.

Carriage tabttlation It will be recalled that the above description of the multiplier and tabulating mechanism was made with reference to its use in'a multiplying operation, and such mechanism will now be described in connection with a tabulating operation. Keys 34 which control the multiplying operation, and which have heretofore been referred toas multiplier keys, also control the tabulating of the carriage, and in connection with this description will be' referred to as tabulating keys. To condition the'machine for a tabulating operation in either direction, one of the shift keys is depressed simultaneously with a tabulating key having a value of one less than the number of shift cycles desired.

The depression of the shift key serves to disable the control of tabulating or multiplier keys over the plus-minus gears by locking the plus-: minus slide against operation, the shift drive, the clutch and motor circuit being enabled by depression of the shift-key and being disabled at the end of the determined number of cycles of operation in the usual manner by the multiplier and tabulating control mechanism,'that is, by the overstroke of rack 206 and the accompanying movement of bellcrank control lever 24I as previously described in connection with the multiplying operation.

Each shift key carries a laterally projecting ear 39I (Figs. 4 and 5) which in the raised position of the key is spaced slightly above transverse notch 392 in plate 393 carried by plus-minus slide 93. When a shift key is depressed ear 39I moves into notch 392 to block movement of the plus-minus slide, and, consequently, shaft 58 which controls the meshing of the plus-minus gears with the numeral wheel gears. Thus, upon simultaneous depression of a shift key and a tabulating key, pin 249 (Fig.8) and arm 25I on shaft 58 form a stop for bellcrank control lever 24I, so that the enabling function thereof with respect to the plus-minusgears is eliminated. However, control lever 24I has a limited movement before striking pin 249 as seenin Fig. 7. This movement of lever 24I is effective through pin 258 (Fig. 9), link 251, bellcrank 258 and pm 262 (Fig. 5) to prevent movement of slide -8I from its active position. This control through pin 82 of the clutch control lever II (Fig. 4) is concurrent with that exerted by depression of the shift key. During the tabulating operation, therefore, the-clutch is maintained in engagement and cam plate I39 is maintained in the position to which it was moved by the depressed shift key. The cam slots in plate I39 are such that the normallyinoperative or upper edge of the slot will overlie the depressed pin I36 to maintain the depressed position of the shift key.

Afterthe simultaneo'usdepression of the selected shift and tabulating keys, the operation of the rack 206 and associated parts is the same as described above in connection with a multiplying operation, except when shift key I9 is depressed, which determines a shifting or tabulating operation in the direction opposite to that ofthe automatic one step shift after a multiplying operation. However, the automatic one step shift control is disabled by the depression of shift key l9 because shift rod therewith rocks interlock lever 382 to block operation of the other shift rod I32 which is noration to effect the one step shift.

I32 associated 

